Mostrando las entradas con la etiqueta 3P. Mostrar todas las entradas
Mostrando las entradas con la etiqueta 3P. Mostrar todas las entradas

jueves, 13 de noviembre de 2014

3P Production Preparation Process - (生産、準備、プロセス)


Many people asked me why some companies fails on Lean Enterprise implementation? Obviously there are many reason why to fail, however, the companies that embrace Lean Manufacturing and implement the 3P methodology are better positioned to succeed.
Comparison of Conventional Development vs. 3P
 

What is 3P? Production Preparation Process

Establishing an Appropriate Production System to Satisfy Requirements of :

Product Design Quality for the Requirement Production Volume at the Target Cost by the Target Date.

Lean Enterprise  consists of physical items and defined processes to produce end products.  You cannot buy your way to “worldclass” by just purchasing the latest technology. We cannot just rely on outside thinking  but build on in-house creativity that is not available to competition… to connect hardware to software.

Fig



When 3P is used?

Fig

Why do 3P?

              Short Term :

          Deliver projects within ‘entitlements’

          Time to Market, Time to Cost, Time to Quality

          Avoid rework of line designs

Long Term :

          Promotes rapid, quantum , out of box thinking in the company

          Try Storm and take Electronics Manufacturing to next level

          It’s a competitive weapon in our industry

           Methodology to solve company wide, segment wide, site wide problems

3P is highly effective weapon in the ‘ Battle for Market Superiority ‘. Any technology that is ‘plug and play’ or ‘ready to use’ can also be purchased by competition. However items developed using 3P and moonshine will have  compelling value .

If 3P is not enforced in new designs , engineers then need to solve lot of problems in the line  leading to  unending cycle of ‘rework’ to get to standards established.

Fig

Where does 3P Fit In?

One must first practice Kaizen on factory floor to address waste in the process. 3P focuses on entire process considering total cost, quality , delivery and stands on the shoulders of Kaizen.  If we don’t know how to kaizen , we would not be able to think of Kaikaku.

Fig

The force behind 3P is to incorporate all elements of Lean Enterprise into the design of products and processes. Unlike  evolutionary process of Kaizen (Continuous Improvement) , 3P must be revolutionary. The Japanese term for this is Kaikaku.

3P designs is a competitive secret weapon. They are not purchased but moonshined and known only to World Class companies that develop the design on their own.

Fig

 

Applying the Principles of 3P Lean Enterprise

Without understanding of 3P and how it differs from traditional approaches to product and  process design, many 3P projects may be questioned, criticized and shortened before completion.

To be creative we must step outside the box and venture into things that are ridiculous to untrained observer.

3P must be actively practiced and promoted. If 3P efforts do not keep moving forward , they will regress. Along with this regression go the competitive advantages  and dollars spent on discovering, creating and implementing the process

To assure that your company remains competitive, Kaizen Efforts (dashed line) should be complimented with elements of revolutionary change or Kaikaku . The solid line above explains how this will take us to Global Lean Enterprise. Without periodic Kaikaku efforts, our efforts at continuous improvements will be “too little, too late”.

As we hit plateau with Continuous Improvement, we get into cloud of uncertainty.  This cloud blocks our view of our vision. 3P propels us to break through this cloud. This is risky. Less than 10% will jump into it. But 3P will take us to new level where Kaizen will begin with new perspective. By doing this we renew our Kaizen enthusiasm with new direction and vigor.

Fig

 

3P Process Steps

There are several variations in 3P process steps.    The following five step process are intended to give summary level understanding of 3P.


Fig. Fig Fig
 

 


Slides from  are courtesy of Shingijutsu training materials.

I hope this help you on your next project.

domingo, 21 de septiembre de 2014

Takt Time vs Manual Cycle Time: The method to calculate the Quantity of Operators.

This article was written based on my experience as consultant.
After many Kaizen event I have found there is 2 misunderstandings about how calculate the Number of Operators that are needed to run a production line or manufacturing cell.



When you implement standardized work a Takt Time base on customer demand must first be established for the area in question, for example 30 seconds TT, this is equal to set a rate of 120 UPH (Units per Hour).

Therefore; the next question is how many workers are needed in the manufacturing area, at this rate?
The answer depends on the total work content in the area and relation to demand ( TT).

It's also known as graph of “Takt Time vs Manual Cycle Time”, in many industries.

The more work content, the greater the number of workers that will be required; the less overall work content, the fewer workers that are needed.

Misunderstanding 1: 

I have found there is a misunderstanding of Overall Work Content, many people take the Cycle Time complete (Machine + Manual) and that is not ok, they must use the “Manual” Overall Work Content (Total Manual Cycle Time)

Please see this example.




The calculation shows that is possible to run this Manufacturing Cell with just 3 operators. 



Misunderstanding 2:  

There is other misunderstanding this is about the representation of TT, many people don’t understand this concept how interpret and calculate the Quantity of operators when they have operators working in parallel.

For example; when there are operations that are not possible to be separated, the activity must be done from the start to the end by one operator at time; and if the cycle time is greater than Takt Time; then you need use more than one operator to cover the rate needed, this means to have two or more operators working in parallel, for this case the Takt Time must be different.

You should never use the average of those operators as the Manual Work Content, you need represent as it is and make the calculations using other Takt Times equivalent.

Please see this example.



The calculation shows that is possible to run this Manufacturing Cell with just 5 operators; please note that here there is two Takt Times, but don't get confuse at the end the Cell will run at 30 Seconds of Takt Time; equivalent to 120 UPH. The operators 1 and 2 must works at 3 process in sequence  (Press, Trim and Spring).





I hope this be useful for you in your next Kaizen event.


lunes, 14 de abril de 2014

Understanding the Correct Sequence to Kaizen - Why some Full automated equipment end up being inefficient and ineffective?

I have visited many different industries, and is very usual to see full automated equipment (Robots) with high inefficiency, those equipment were considered as the answer of all the problems, but the reality shows different negatives results as expected.

Taiichi Ohno always teaches about the Correct Sequence to Kaizen:

“ Manual work kaizen means thinking of better ways of using the existing equipment. Rather than buying new equipment (Robots) it is important to thing of how the work should be done.”

If you install a robot and think only, “this is convenient, it does my work for me “ then this is not an example of using the robot effectively. It is important to do kaizen on the robot as soon as you install it or to change the method to work well with the robot (Material supply, Information, Product flow, etc.).

Video.

Pictures;
The team must consider on cell design ,how the material must be replaced ? Before release to production, the robot will do the cycle very well however it will stop due lack of material.


The team must understand the real problem here , because even with robots there are some products that goes out without being packaged. Is the conveyor sped synchronized to the Takt Time?

Instead if you say, “We can do this if we could just buy a robot ,” and buy a robot without even knowing if there is a better method than the current one , then eventually you will not do kaizen at your genba unless you can buy a robot. That would be bad. But if you first see how well you can use the machines you have, and how you can use the existing equipment event better, then when you install the latest machines you can add on yours improvements.

I always advise built machines or robot mock up’s before to proceed with next action this is part of 3P.




The right pad to follow is do kaizen after kaizen; there are 3 types of kaizen:
a) Manual work Kaizen.
b) Equipment Kaizen.
c) Process Kaizen.

Do the kaizen to the manual work first. Once you know how make more improvements, but the machine you have is preventing this, then you can look at the right machine that will further improve productivity and quality.

When the latest machine is installed before you have the skill to do kaizen, the machine will end up running you. JJJ There is a correct sequence to kaizen.

The first step in kaizen is manual work kaizen. Manual work kaizen is the must important because as a result of manual work kaizen you will learn many things about changes you need to make to your equipment, or changes you need to make to your process as a result of change you make to your equipment.